Sri Lanka’s stressed external liquidity position is set to remain a weakness for the country’s credit profile, says Fitch Ratings.
Policymakers may be able to offer more clarity about their economic agenda once elections are held on 5 August, but hurdles to accessing additional external financing support will persist.
The country’s external liquidity ratio (defined by Fitch as liquid external assets as a percentage of liquid external liabilities), at around 60% in 2019, is among the lowest in its rating category. International reserves amounted to USD 6.5 billion at end-May after falling by around USD 716 million over the month.
This level of coverage is low relative to sovereign external debt that is due the rest of this year. External debt service amounts to around USD3.8 billion from June to December 2020, including a USD 1.0 billion international sovereign bond payment due in October.
Sri Lanka has yet to receive external financing from the IMF in 2020, either as part of emergency support during the coronavirus pandemic or as part of a regular programme. “Greater clarity on the government’s medium-term economic policies after the elections are held could facilitate such financing, but agreeing on policies to place public finances on a consolidation path will be challenging.”
The Ministry of Finance forecast in a recent report that the budget deficit in 2020 would hit 8.5% of GDP on account of declining revenues, higher than an earlier forecast of 7.5% during the time of our April review. We continue to forecast a wider budget deficit, at 9.3%, due to our forecast that GDP will contract by 1.3%.
Sri Lanka’s growth prospects will depend in part on the evolution of the pandemic in Sri Lanka and globally. We estimate the government debt-to-GDP ratio will be elevated at around 94% in 2020, above the ‘B’ rating median of 66%, and will rise further in 2021.
“We believe the government will be able to finance its maturing external debt in 2020 through loan disbursements from bilateral and multilateral agencies, apart from the sovereign bond obligation that is due, which we assume will be met out of reserves.”
“Our projections do not assume access to international capital markets or IMF support in 2020, but do incorporate an expectation that Sri Lanka will regain market access in 2021 when external financing conditions improve.”
Sri Lanka’s debt servicing obligations over 2021-2025 are substantial, amounting to an average of USD 4.3 billion per year. The government remains in negotiations with bilateral and multilateral lenders to secure financing support. On 17 June it also announced that it was seeking proposals from domestic and foreign banks to raise a USD 500 million facility.
“External funding strains could ease, at least in the near term, if the authorities secure substantial support beyond the rollover of existing debt incorporated in our assumptions.”
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